Category: How to

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How To Remove MySQL Server from CentOS

Remove MySQL Server from CentOS

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The MySQL source code is freely available because it was originally developed as freeware. MySQL is written in C and C++ and is compatible with all major operating systems. MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The uninstall or removing is quite simple. I will show you through the step by step removing MySQL on CentOS server. May be it’s good idea to backup databases before doing this.

In this tutorial we will guide you how to completely remove of MySQL from your CentOS server.

Completely Removing MySQL Server in CentOS

Step 1: Check list the mysql rpm which is installed on server

#rpm -qa | grep mysql
or
#yum list installed | grep mysql

Step 2 : Removing all mysql-related packages (with “yum remove”)

 #yum remove mysql-client mysql-server mysql-common mysql-devel

Step 3: Delete the databases folder

#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/
#rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

If you need to reinstall mysql database server, check out our tutorial, click here.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully removes MySQL. Thanks for using this tutorial for removing MySQL server on CentOS system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official MySQL web site

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How To Install MySQL Database Server on CentOS

Install MySQL Database Server on CentOS

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The MySQL source code is freely available because it was originally developed as freeware. MySQL is written in C and C++ and is compatible with all major operating systems. MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple.

In this tutorial we will guide you through the step by step installation MySQL in CentOS server.

Install MySQL Database Server on CentOS

To install, first you must add the Remi yum repository information corresponding to your CentOS/RHEL version to yum:

For CentOS 6.x use:

#rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
#rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

 For CentOS 5.x use:

#rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
#rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm

After installing Remi repository on your system, then look for MySQL latest version using –enablerepo=remi switch option.

 #yum --enablerepo=remi list mysql mysql-server

Sample output:

Installing MySQL 5.5.37:

 #yum --enablerepo=remi install mysql mysql-server

Starting / Stopping MySQL Server on CentOS

#service mysqld start
#service mysqld restart
#service mysqld stop

Hardening MySQL with mysql_secure_installation:

 #mysql_secure_installation

Connecting to MySQL Server:

Connecting to newly installed MySQL server by providing username and password.

 #mysql -u root -p

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed MySQL. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing MySQL server in CentOS system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official MySQL web site.

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How To Install IonCube Loader on CentOS

Install IonCube Loader on CentOS

IonCube Loaders is basically an encryption/decryption utility for PHP applications which also assists in speeding up the pages that are served. It is often required for a lot of PHP-based applications.

This article assumes you have basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges.

In this tutorial we will guide you through the step by step installation IonCube Loader in CentOS server.

Install IonCube Loader on CentOS

Method 1:

For CentOS 32-bit use:

#wget http://downloads3.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz
#tar xvfz ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz

For CentOS x86_64 (64-bit):

#wget http://downloads3.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.tar.gz
#tar xvfz ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.tar.gz

If the links are not working anymore, please check the latest version download links in here.

#cd ioncube
#mkdir /usr/local/ioncube
#cp ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so /usr/local/ioncube

Copy ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so as PHP version installed on the server was PHP 5.3

Now edit php.ini file. To find location of php.ini, run

#php -i| grep php.ini
#nano /etc/php.ini

Add following line to end on php.ini

 zend_extension = /usr/local/ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so

Restart apache after IonCube Loaders installation

#service httpd restart
#php -v

Method 2:

Install IonCube Loaders via atomic yum repository:

#wget -q -O - http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic |sh
#yum install php-ioncube-loader -y

IonCube Loader should now be installed. You can check by creating a file called info.php in /var/www/html/ with the following content:

 <? phpinfo(); ?>

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed IonCube Loader. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing IonCube Loader in CentOS  system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official IonCube Loader web site.

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How To Configuration Iptables Firewall on CentOS

Configuration Iptables Firewall on CentOS

Iptables is a user space application program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall (implemented as different Netfilter modules) and the chains and rules it stores. Different kernel modules and programs are currently used for different protocols; iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables for Ethernet frames. (Read more on: wikipedia)

Configuration Iptables Firewall on CentOS

Setting up iptables

You can use the following procedure to verify that iptables has been installed and view the status of iptables. Open terminal and type the following command:

# iptables -V
# yum info iptables

iptables-centos

If the above message does not appear, you can type the following command to install iptables:

 # yum -y install iptables

Understanding Firewall, At present here are total four chains:

  • INPUT : The default chain is used for packets addressed to the system.
  • OUTPUT : The default chain generating from system.
  • FORWARD : The default chains is used when packets send through another interface.
  • RH-Firewall-1-INPUT : The user-defined custom chain.

Target Meanings

  • The target ACCEPT means allow packet.
  • The target REJECT means to drop the packet and send an error message to remote host.
  • The target DROP means drop the packet and do not send an error message to remote host or sending host.

The default iptables configuration on CentOS does not allow access to the HTTP (TCP PORT # 80) and HTTPS (TCP PORT # 443) ports used by Nginx web server. You can do step by step to configure:

Step 1: Flush all iptables rules

# iptables -F
# iptables -X
# iptables -t nat -F
# iptables -t nat -X
# iptables -t mangle -F
# iptables -t mangle -X

Step 2: Set default rules

# iptables -P INPUT DROP
# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
# iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

Step 3: Allow access to HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443)

# iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT 
# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 
# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 
# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

 Turn on and save iptables

Type the following two commands to turn on firewall:

# chkconfig iptables on
# service iptables save
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How To Install PHP 5.5 on CentOS

Install PHP 5.5 on CentOS

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data.

This tutorial we will show you how to install PHP 5.5 on CentOS.

Install PHP 5.5 on CentOS

To install, first you must add the Webtatic yum repository information corresponding to your CentOS/RHEL version to yum:

For CentOS 6.x use:

 #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

For CentOS 5.x use:

 #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el5/latest.rpm

Now you can install PHP 5.5:

 #yum install php55w --enablerepo=webtatic-archive[/#yum install php55w --enablerepo=webtatic-archive

Restart apache after PHP installation:

#service httpd restart
#php -v

PHP should now be installed. You can check by creating a file called info.php in /var/www/html/ with the following content:

<?php
 phpinfo();
 ?>

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed PHP. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing PHP 5.5 in CentOS system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official PHP web site.

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How To Install GNOME on Ubuntu 14.04

Install GNOME on Ubuntu

By default, Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr LTS server installed as minimal without any Graphical Desktop support. Installing GNOME desktop on Ubuntu is faily straightforward. Most Ubuntu servers are run on CLI (Command-Line Interface) mode. But in some cases, one may need to have a desktop to install some applications with GUI (Grapich User Interface) mode. In this case, we will use GNOME, the most popular user-friendly desktop for any UNIX based system.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple. We will show you through the step by step installation GNOME on Ubuntu 14.04.

Install GNOME on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. First, You just need to install a couple of Gnome apps, add the gnome3-staging prepository and do a dist-upgrade:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Step 2. Installing additional applications.

GNOME 3.12 has some new applications like: gnome-weather, gnome-maps, gnome-photos and gnome-music etc, which are not installed by default on Ubuntu GNOME 14.04. To install additional applications, run the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bijiben polari gnome-clocks gnome-weather gnome-maps gnome-music gnome-photos gnome-documents gnome-contacts epiphany-browser gnome-sushi gnome-boxes gnome-shell-extensions

Step 3. Reboot the system.

After you reboot the system, the system will enter into the Gnome GUI interface automatically.

ubuntu gnome interface

If you encounter issues of you simply don’t like GNOME 3.12, you can revert the changes by using PPA Purge. To purge the GNOME 3 PPAs and go back to GNOME 3.10 (which is default in Ubuntu 14.04), use the following commands:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed GNOME. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing GNOME in Ubuntu 14.04 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official GNOME web site.

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How To Install Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04

Install Apache SVN on Ubuntu

Apache Subversion which is commonly referred to in its abbreviated form as SVN, (named after the command name SVN) is a popular software versioning and revision control system which is distributed as a free software under the Apache License. Mainly used by developers to maintain present and historic file versions like documentation, source code, and web pages, it primarily aims to be a compatible successor to the extensively used CVS (Concurrent Versions System).

SVN supports several protocols for network access: SVN, SVN+SSH, HTTP, HTTPS. If you are behind a firewall, HTTP-based Subversion is advantageous since SVN traffic will go through the firewall without any additional firewall rule setting. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple. In this tutorial we will guide you through the step by step installation Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04 server.

Install Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. First, you need update the repositories using the following command.

 sudo apt-get update

Step 2. Install SVN and apache webserver.

 sudo apt-get install subversion apache2 libapache2-svn apache2-utils

Step 3. Create and configure SVN repository.

mkdir -p /svn/repos/
cd /svn/repos/
svnadmin create testrepo
chown -R www-data:www-data /testrepo

Step 4. Configure Subversion with Apache.

Once installing the package, you must open the subversion httpd config file.

#nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf

## Uncomment following lines ##

<Location /svn>
DAV svn
SVNParentPath /svn/repos/
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion Repository"
AuthUserFile /etc/subversion/passwd
Require valid-user
</Location>

Step 5. Create account and password for SVN.

Following commands will add two users for svn. It will prompt for users password to be assigned.

htpasswd -cm /etc/svn-users wpcademy
htpasswd -m /etc/svn-users userwpcad

Step 6. Restart Apache2 Server.

 etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Step 7. Finally, You can visit the url http://your-ip-address/svn/testrepo to check out the content, you will be asked to enter the user name and password.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Apache SVN. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Apache Subversion server on Ubuntu 14.04 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Apache Subversion web site.

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