Ubuntu Archives - Page 5 of 6

June 24, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04

Apache Subversion which is commonly referred to in its abbreviated form as SVN, (named after the command name SVN) is a popular software versioning and revision control system which is distributed as a free software under the Apache License. Mainly used by developers to maintain present and historic file versions like documentation, source code, and web pages, it primarily aims to be a compatible successor to the extensively used CVS (Concurrent Versions System).

SVN supports several protocols for network access: SVN, SVN+SSH, HTTP, HTTPS. If you are behind a firewall, HTTP-based Subversion is advantageous since SVN traffic will go through the firewall without any additional firewall rule setting. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple. In this tutorial we will guide you through the step by step installation Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04 server.

Install Apache SVN on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. First, you need update the repositories using the following command.

 sudo apt-get update

Step 2. Install SVN and apache webserver.

 sudo apt-get install subversion apache2 libapache2-svn apache2-utils

Step 3. Create and configure SVN repository.

mkdir -p /svn/repos/
cd /svn/repos/
svnadmin create testrepo
chown -R www-data:www-data /testrepo

Step 4. Configure Subversion with Apache.

Once installing the package, you must open the subversion httpd config file.

#nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf

## Uncomment following lines ##

<Location /svn>
DAV svn
SVNParentPath /svn/repos/
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion Repository"
AuthUserFile /etc/subversion/passwd
Require valid-user
</Location>

Step 5. Create account and password for SVN.

Following commands will add two users for svn. It will prompt for users password to be assigned.

htpasswd -cm /etc/svn-users wpcademy
htpasswd -m /etc/svn-users userwpcad

Step 6. Restart Apache2 Server.

 etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Step 7. Finally, You can visit the url http://your-ip-address/svn/testrepo to check out the content, you will be asked to enter the user name and password.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Apache SVN. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Apache Subversion server on Ubuntu 14.04 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Apache Subversion web site.

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install OwnCloud 8 on Ubuntu 14.04

OwnCloud is a free and open-source software which enables you to create a private “file-hosting” cloud. OwnCloud is similar to DropBox service with the diference of being free to download and install on your private server. Owncloud made by PHP and backend database MySQL (MariaDB), SQLLite or PostgreSQL. OwnCloud also enables you to easily view and sync address book, calendar events, tasks and bookmarks. You can access it via the good looking and easy to use web interface or install OwnCloud client on your Desktop or Laptop machine (supports Linux, Windows and Mac OSX).

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple. I will show you through the step by step installation OwnCloud 8 on Ubuntu 14.04.

Install OwnCloud 8 on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. First of all log in to your server as root and make sure that all packages are up to date.

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Instal Apache web server on your Ubuntu 14.04 VPS if it is not already installed.

 apt-get install apache2

Step 3. Next, install PHP on your server.

 apt-get install php5 php5-mysql

Once the installation is done add the following PHP modules required by OwnCloud:

 apt-get install php5-gd php5-json php5-curl php5-intl php5-mcrypt php5-imagick

Step 4. Install MySQL database server.

 apt-get install mysql-server

By default, MySQL is not hardened. You can secure MySQL using the mysql_secure_installation script. you should read and below each steps carefully which will set root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and access to secure MySQL.

 mysql_secure_installation

Step 5. Create a new MySQL database for OwnCloud using the following commands.

#mysql -u root -p
Enter password:

mysql> CREATE USER 'ownclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YOURPASSWORD';
mysql> CREATE DATABASE ownclouddb;
mysql> GRANT ALL ON ownclouddb.* TO 'ownclouduser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit

Step 6. Installing Owncloud 8.

First we will need to download the latest stable release of OwnCloud on your server (at the time version 8.0.0).

wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-8.0.0.tar.bz2
tar -xvf owncloud-8.0.0.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html/

Set the directory permissions:

 chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/owncloud/

Step 7. Configuring Apache for OwnCloud.

While configuring Apache web server, it is recommended that you to enable .htaccess to get a enhanced security features, by default .htaccess is disabled in Apache server. To enable it, open your virtual host file and make AllowOverride is set to All.For example, here i used external config file instead of modifying main file.

### nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/owncloud.conf

<IfModule mod_alias.c>
Alias /owncloud /var/www/html/owncloud
</IfModule>
<Directory “/var/www/html/owncloud”>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>

Remember to restart all services related to Apache server.

 service apache2 restart

Step 8. Access OwnCloud application.

Navigate to http://your-domain.com/ and follow the easy instructions. Enter username and password for the administrator user account, click on the ‘Advanced options’ hyperlink and enter the data directory (or leave the default setting), then enter database username, database password, database name, host (localhost) and click ‘Finish setup’.

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 14.04

MariaDB is a drop-in replacement for MySQL. It is easy to install, offers many speed and performance improvements, and is easy to integrate into most MySQL deployments. MariaDB is widely used and several Linux distributions and large companies have already switched from MySQL to MariaDB.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS.

The installation is quite simple. I will show you through the step by step installation MariaDB on Ubuntu 14.04.

Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. First need to enable MariaDB repository.

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xcbcb082a1bb943db

Step 2. Installation of MariaDB.

Once the key is imported and the repository added you can install MariaDB with:

apt-get update
apt-get install mariadb-server

At the time of installation mariadb would ask for the password of user root. Enter the password and make sure not to forget.

Step 3. Secure MariaDB after installation to.

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script. you should read and below each steps carefully which will set root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and access to secure MariaDB.

# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we’ll need the current
password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ‘localhost’. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named ‘test’ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up…

All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@wpcademy]#

Step 4. Start MariaDB service.

 service mysql start

Step 5. Login into MariaDB.

After completing installation you can connect to MariaDB using following command.

 mysql -u root -p

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install and Configure VSFTPD on Ubuntu 14.04

FTP stands for “file transfer protocol”, and it allows you to transfer files to a remote computer. The most common FTP server software for Ubuntu is the vsftpd package, which stands for “very secure FTP daemon.” It’s the default FTP package for Ubuntu, and most other Linux distributions as well.

In this tutorial we will show you how to install and configuration of vsftpd on your Ubuntu 14.04 server.

Install and Configure VSFTPD on Ubuntu 14.04

Step 1. Install vsftpd (Very Secure FTP Deamon) package.

 apt-get install vsftpd

Step 2. Configure vsftpd.

Let’s edit the configuration file for vsftpd:

#nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

listen=YES
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
nopriv_user=vsftpd
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
guest_enable=YES
user_sub_token=$USER
chroot_local_user=YES
hide_ids=YES
guest_username=vsftpd

Step 3. Creating and applying the SSL certificate.

Lets go and create our encryption key or certificate to use to connect to the server. First, create a folder that will be used to store the keys.

 mkdir /etc/ssl/certificates

Then run the commands below to create the encryption key that will last for 365 days.

 sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/certificates/vsftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/certificates/vsftpd.pem

Once creating the key, go and change add and change these parameters in the default VSFTPD configuration file.

#nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certificates/vsftpd.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/certificates/vsftpd.pem
ssl_enable=YES
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
ssl_tlsv1=YES
ssl_sslv2=YES
ssl_sslv3=YES
require_ssl_reuse=NO
ssl_ciphers=HIGH

Step 4. Restart the vsftpd service.

 service vsftpd restart

Step 5. Configuring user access.

With the vsftpd FTP server you have the option to leave the FTP service authentication for only anonymous access or you can allow users , defined in /etc/passwd or in relevant access list, to login.

Step 6. Configure the user’s home directory.

With certain version of vsftpd you may receive the following error: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot(). Not to worry! Create a new directory for the user receiving the error(wpcademy in this case) that is a subdirectory of their home directory (/home/wpcademy). For example:

Fix permissions for wpcademy home directory:

 chmod a-w /home/wpcademy/

Make a new directory for uploading files:

mkdir /home/wpcademy/files
chown wpcademy:wpcademy/home/wpcademy/files/

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed vsftpd. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing vsftpd in Ubuntu 14.04 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official vsftpd web site.

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install Rar/Unrar Packages on Ubuntu

RAR is most popular tool for creating and extracting compressed archive (.rar) files, but unfortunately rar tool doesn’t pre-installed under Linux systems, we need to install it using third-party tools to open, extract, uncompress or unrar a archive files.

By default the rar and the unrar packages do not come pre-installed in the Ubuntu operating system. This means you cannot create a rar archive or unrar an existing one! It is pretty simple to install them. You need to enable multiverse repositories to install rar. There’s also a separate package called unrar. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS.

In this tutorial we will learn how to install and configuration of Rar/Unrar on your Ubuntu.

Install Rar/Unrar Packages on Ubuntu

Step 1. First, enable multiverse repositories.

 sudo software-properties-gtk

Step 2. Installing rar and unrar packages.

Run the following command in terminal and type the password for the user, when prompted.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rar unrar

Commands for Rar/Unrar archive

Following are the some useful and helpful rar/unrar archive commands:

# unrar x (file_name).rar           extract with full path
# unrar e -kb (file_name).rar       (Keep broken)
# unrar l (file_name).rar           list files inside
# unrar e (file_name).rar           dump files excluding folders
# rar a (file_name).rar (file_name) create a archive Rar file
# rar r (file_name).rar             recover or fix a archive file or files
# rar a -p (file_name).rar          create a archive Rar file with password

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed rar/unrar.

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install Lighttpd on Ubuntu 14.10

Lighttpd is a fast and secure web-server which has been optimized for high-performance environments. With a small memory footprint compared to other web-servers, effective management of the cpu-load, and advanced feature set (FastCGI, SCGI, Auth, Output-Compression, URL-Rewriting and many more) lighttpd is the perfect solution for every server that is suffering load problems. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. Here’s a brief tutorial will explain you the installation of Lighttpd web server on Ubuntu.

In this tutorial we will show you how to install and configuration of Lighttpd on your Ubuntu 14.04 server.

Install Lighttpd on Ubuntu 14.10

Step 1. Installing Lighttpd.

Lighttpd is available to install from the official Ubuntu repositories, So if you want to install Lighttpd, you only have to run this command.

 sudo apt-get install lighttpd

Step 2. Installing PHP5 and modules.

Ubuntu provides a FastCGI-enabled PHP5 package. We can install by issuing the following command.

 sudo apt-get install php5-cgi php5-mysql

Enable fast-cgi support.

sudo lighttpd-enable-mod fastcgi
sudo lighttpd-enable-mod fastcgi-php

Step 3. Start Lighttpd server.

 /etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload

Step 4. Testing Lighttpd webserver.

To make sure everything installed correctly we will now test Lighttpd to ensure it is working properly. Open up any web browser and then enter the following into the web address:

 http://localhost/ or http://your.ip.addr.ess

Note: Lighttpd’s default document root is /var/www on Ubuntu, and the configuration file is /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf. Additional configurations are stored in files in the /etc/lighttpd/conf-available.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Lighttpd. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Lighttpd web server on ubuntu 14.04 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Lighttpd web site.

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June 21, 2018April 17, 2019

How To Install Fail2Ban on Ubuntu

Fail2Ban is a utility that is used to detect and prevent brute force intrusion. By scanning logs for certain actions, such as repeated failed login attempts, Fail2Ban is able to alter firewall configurations to halt further events. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. Follow guide how to install Fail2Ban on Ubuntu.

In this tutorial we will show you how to install and configuration of Fail2Ban on your Ubuntu server.

Install Fail2Ban on Ubuntu

Step 1. First log-in as root user and enter the following command to install Fail2ban.

 apt-get install fail2ban

Step 2. Once that has finished, go ahead and create your “local” jail (this is where you define your overrides of jail.conf). You can read more about jails here.

 cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

Step 3. Setup Fail2ban default configuration.

 nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

Now, you will see default section with some basic rules that are followed by fail2ban itself. If you want to add some extra layer of protection to your server, then you can customize the each rule section as per your needs. There are few lines act as basic setup you can edit as necessary to suit your need including: ignoreip, bantime, findtime, and maxretry. You can read what each line means in the explanation available there.

[DEFAULT]

# "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not
# ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be
# defined using space separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8

# "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned.
bantime = 600

# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime"
# seconds.
findtime = 600
maxretry = 3

# Destination email address used solely for the interpolations in
# jail.{conf,local} configuration files.
destemail = root@localhost

Step 4. Restarting Fail2Ban service.

 service fail2ban restart

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Fail2Ban. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Fail2Ban on Linux ubuntu system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Fail2Ban web site.